Imaging and Nerve Tests for Arthritis

X-ray (radiography)

These tests are often used in the diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory arthritis, degenerative arthritis, fibromyalgia and other pain conditions, back pain and musculoskeletal conditions. 

 A form of electromagnetic radiation is passed through the hip to create a two-dimensional picture of the bones.

Computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT) scan

Combines X-ray equipment with computers to record two-dimensional images of your body and, in some cases, three-dimensional images, showing soft tissues such as ligaments and muscles more clearly than traditional X-rays.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Uses a strong magnet linked to a computer to create a detailed image of a cross section of the body providing clear, detailed images of bones and the soft-tissue structures, such as the muscles, cartilage, ligaments, discs, tendons and blood vessels.

Bone Scan

After injection of a small amount of radioactive dye, a special camera is used to scan the area to detect an increase in blood flow and bone-forming cell activity, which could indicate a tumor, infection or fracture.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA)

There are times when more specialized imaging tests may be required – especially when diagnosing osteoporosis or for back or foot problems.

Used to diagnose osteoporosis by using a small amount of radiation to determine the density, or thickness, of bone in the spine and other areas of the body. 

Discogram

After injection of radioactive dye, the doctor performs a CT scan, which shows tears, scars or changes in the discs in the back. 

Video Fluoroscopy

Combines the use of an X-ray and a fluorescent screen to show the internal structures and movements of the foot.

Arthrography

Injection of a contrast dye into the ankle to enable the doctor to better see the joint on X-ray.

Electromyography (EMG or myogram)

These tests may be used for diagnosing problems with the back or for conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Electrodes inserted through the skin and into muscles to detect electrical activity that can help the doctor see how muscles respond to nerve stimulation.

Lower Body Nerve Evaluation

Running a device called a pinwheel from your hips to your feet, the doctor will check for areas that are either abnormally sensitive or insensitive to stimulus, which would suggest possible nerve involvement in the lower spine.

Muscle Strength Evaluation

Checking the strength of different muscle groups in the lower body allows the doctor to detect possible nerve problems – a weakened muscle group may suggest nerve damage. 

Sciatic nerve stretch test

Raising legs one at a time (while you extend and relax them) helps the doctor determine whether stretching the sciatic nerve causes pain, suggesting possible nerve-root involvement.

Nerve Conduction Studies

Electrodes fastened to the wrist and hands and small electric shocks sent to the forearm, wrist and finger to measure the speed of conduction through the nerve fibers in order to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome.